The production of oil and gas often requires large volumes of water for reuse or injection to ensure against biofouling and plugging of shale formations
With the advent of new horizontal drilling technology, wells are drilled horizontally into shale formations containing natural gas. The wells are then fractured, using as much as five million gallons of water per well. This process expands the formation increasing the capacity of the well.
The water is then either disposed of or reused. The cost of disposing of the water is very high, as it requires trucking from the site. Disinfection by UV is a low cost alternative to biocides or disposal.
Large volumes of water are often used in oil production as well. Water is treated and injected into the well and the oil is displaced to the surface.
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